The Grip of History

Unpacking the Origin of the Word Handshake

It’s one of the most fundamental human gestures. From sealing a business deal to greeting a long-lost friend, the handshake is a universal symbol of agreement, respect, and camaraderie. But have you ever stopped to consider where this seemingly simple act, and the word we use to describe it, actually comes from? Delving into the etymology of “handshake” takes us on a fascinating journey through ancient customs, evolving social norms, and the very fabric of human interaction.

The act of clasping hands has roots that stretch back millennia. Archaeological evidence and ancient texts suggest that this gesture was common in many early civilizations. For instance, Egyptian tomb paintings depict figures grasping hands, often in a show of fidelity or as part of religious rituals. In ancient Greece and Rome, the dexiosis (from the Greek dexios, meaning “right”) was a prominent gesture of trust and loyalty, frequently used to symbolize oaths, treaties, and even marriage vows. The right hand, being the sword-wielding hand, was offered open and empty to signify peaceful intentions and a lack of hidden weapons. This practical origin — a physical demonstration of trust – is a recurring theme in the handshake’s development.

The word “handshake” itself, however, is a much more recent invention. It’s a compound word, straightforwardly combining “hand” and “shake.” While the action of shaking hands has ancient lineage, the term didn’t solidify in the English language until relatively late. Earlier expressions were more descriptive of the action, such as “taking hands” or “joining hands.”

The first recorded uses of “handshake” as a single word appear around the late 16th or early 17th century. Shakespeare, ever the wordsmith, is often credited with popularizing many terms, but “handshake” doesn’t prominently feature in his works. Instead, its emergence seems to coincide with a period of increasing formality and standardization in social interactions. As societies grew more complex, and interactions between strangers became more frequent, a more concise and universally understood term for this important social ritual was needed.

The rise of the handshake as a widespread greeting and sign of agreement in the Western world can be partly attributed to its adoption in various social and professional contexts. Merchants used it to seal deals, signifying a commitment beyond written contracts. Politicians employed it to demonstrate unity and agreement. As a non-verbal cue, it transcended language barriers, making it an efficient and effective form of communication in an increasingly interconnected world.

Interestingly, while the core meaning of the handshake has remained consistent – a sign of peace, trust, and agreement – its nuances have evolved. The firmness of the grip, the duration, and even the accompanying eye contact can all convey subtle messages, varying across cultures and situations.

In essence, the word “handshake” is a linguistic snapshot of a long-standing human tradition. It encapsulates millennia of non-verbal communication, from ancient warriors showing empty hands to modern professionals sealing multi-million dollar deals. While its origins are rooted in practical demonstrations of trust, its continued prevalence speaks to a deeper human need for connection, respect, and the tangible affirmation of shared understanding. So, the next time you extend your hand, remember you’re not just performing a simple gesture, you’re participating in a rich tapestry of human history and communication.